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140 N Montezuma Street
Prescott, AZ 86301

Category Archives: Criminal Defense

June 19, 2025
Posted on Author By admin Categories Arizona Revised Statutes, Criminal Defense

ARS 28-622.01 – Unlawful flight from pursuing law enforcement vehicle

A driver of a motor vehicle who wilfully flees or attempts to elude a pursuing official law enforcement vehicle is guilty of a class 5 felony if the law enforcement vehicle is either:

1. Being operated in the manner described in section 28-624, subsection C and is appropriately marked to show that it is an official law enforcement vehicle.

2. Unmarked and either of the following applies:

(a) The driver admits to knowing that the vehicle was an official law enforcement vehicle.

(b) Evidence shows that the driver knew that the vehicle was an official law enforcement vehicle.

Charged With Unlawful Flight in Arizona?
Understanding ARS 28-622.01 and Your Defense Options in Yavapai County

When red-and-blue lights flash in the rear-view mirror, some drivers panic and keep going. In Arizona that decision can result in a Class 5 felony for Unlawful Flight from a Law-Enforcement Vehicle under ARS 28-622.01. If Prescott Police, DPS, or YCSO has accused you of fleeing or eluding, get experienced counsel fast—mandatory prison is on the table.

What the State Must Prove

To convict, prosecutors must establish that you:

  1. Willfully fled or attempted to elude law enforcement, and
  2. Knew —or reasonably should have known —the pursuing vehicle was an official law-enforcement vehicle acting in its official capacity.

Felony Penalties

Classification Prison Range* (first offense) Notes
Class 5 Felony Probation ▫ 0.5 – 2 yrs Presumptive 1.5 yrs; fines & surcharges apply

*Prior felonies raise the range to as much as 7 years.

Collateral Consequences

  • Felony record (employment, housing, firearm rights)
  • Driver-license suspension
  • SR-22 insurance and steep premiums

Key Defense Strategies

  • No willful intent—you did not realize an officer was behind you, or you were looking for a safe turnout on Iron Springs Road at night.
  • ID issues—unmarked vehicle with inadequate lighting; driver could not reasonably identify it as law enforcement.
  • Fourth-Amendment violations—illegal stop or arrest; dash-cam/body-cam conflicts.
  • Constitutional missteps—Miranda or denial-of-counsel violations.
  • Plea reduction—negotiating to reckless-driving or endangerment (misdemeanor) when evidence is weak.

Why Retain Ted Law?

  • Decades defending felony cases in Prescott, Camp Verde & Verde Valley courts
  • Rapid evidence-preservation (dash-cam, body-cam, traffic camera)
  • Local insight into Yavapai County judges and prosecutors
  • 24/7 jail-visit availability; aggressive bond motions

Call (928) 776-1782 or contact us online for a free, confidential consultation. Early intervention can mean the difference between a felony record and a far better outcome.

Prescott Office

140 N Montezuma St
Prescott, AZ 86301
Phone: (928) 776-1782

Disclaimer: This page is for informational purposes only and does not create an attorney-client relationship. Every case is fact-specific; consult a qualified criminal-defense lawyer for advice tailored to your situation.

 

June 9, 2025
Posted on Author By admin Categories Criminal Defense

Can you plead no contest to domestic violence in Arizona?

Should You Plead No Contest to a Domestic Violence Charge in Arizona?

Information for Prescott & Yavapai County Defendants

Arizona Domestic Violence Attorney

If you’re arrested for domestic violence in Arizona, your first formal court appearance is the arraignment. At this hearing the judge will:

  • Read the official charges against you;
  • Inform you of your rights;
  • Ask how you wish to plead.

The three most common pleas are guilty, not guilty, and no contest (nolo contendere). Understanding the consequences of each is critical.

What Does a No-Contest Plea Mean?

No contest means “I do not wish to contest the charges.” You’re not admitting guilt—but you are accepting that the State has enough evidence to convict you. For practical purposes, the court treats a no-contest plea the same as a guilty plea: you skip trial and proceed directly to sentencing.

Why Plead No Contest?

The primary reason is civil liability. In a related civil lawsuit (for injuries, property damage, or emotional distress), a guilty plea can be used as an admission of wrongdoing. A no-contest plea is generally not admissible as proof of liability. You still receive a criminal conviction, but you may limit your exposure to civil damages.

Consequences of a No-Contest Plea in a DV Case

  • A misdemeanor or felony domestic-violence conviction on your record;
  • Jail or prison: from 30 days to 15+ years depending on prior history, injuries, and aggravating factors;
  • Fines, probation, and mandatory counseling or anger-management classes;
  • Loss of firearm rights under state and federal law;
  • Potential impact on child-custody or visitation orders;
  • Immigration consequences for non-citizens.

Is No Contest the Right Choice for You?

Pleading no contest is a strategic decision. Factors to consider include:

  • Strength of the prosecution’s evidence;
  • Availability of affirmative defenses (self-defense, lack of intent, false accusation);
  • Collateral consequences (employment, licensing, immigration, custody);
  • Possibility of negotiating a reduced charge or diversion program.

Never enter any plea without first consulting an experienced criminal-defense lawyer. Once you plead, reversing course is extremely difficult.

How Ted Law Can Help

At Ted Law, we examine every angle of your case—police reports, witness statements, body-cam footage, and constitutional issues—to craft the strongest defense possible. We’ll explain:

  • The pros and cons of a no-contest plea versus a trial;
  • Whether the prosecution’s case has weaknesses we can exploit;
  • Options for plea bargaining or alternative sentencing.

Call (928) 776-1782 or contact us online for a free confidential consultation. Early intervention can dramatically change the outcome of a domestic-violence case.

Prescott Office

140 N Montezuma St
Prescott, AZ 86301
Phone: (928) 776-1782

Disclaimer: This article provides general information and is not legal advice. Every case is unique; consult a qualified attorney about your specific situation.

 

June 5, 2025
Posted on Author By admin Categories Criminal Defense

Disorderly Conduct and Weapons in Arizona

Disorderly Conduct and Weapons Misconduct in PrescottArizona Firearm Offenses Explained
Understanding ARS 13-3102 & 13-2904 in Yavapai County

Arizona is famously firearm-friendly: any law-abiding citizen age 21 or older may carry a handgun—openly or concealed—without a permit. But that freedom comes with strict responsibilities. Violations of state weapons laws can turn a legally carried gun into a serious criminal charge, often with mandatory prison time.

ARS 13-3102 : Misconduct Involving Weapons

Arizona Revised Statute 13-3102 lists 16 separate ways a person can commit “misconduct involving weapons.” Some of the most common include:

  • Carrying a concealed firearm in furtherance of a serious offense, violent crime, or felony.
  • Failing to answer truthfully when a peace officer asks whether you are armed.
  • Possessing a firearm as a “prohibited possessor” (e.g., a convicted felon or subject of certain protective orders).
  • Selling or transferring a firearm to a prohibited possessor.
  • Defacing a firearm—or knowingly possessing a defaced weapon (serial number removed).
  • Discharging a firearm to benefit or further the interests of a criminal street gang.

Penalties: Most violations are felonies. Even first-time offenders risk prison, steep fines, and lifetime loss of gun rights. Some exceptions apply—for instance, if the firearm is carried openly and visible, or if the person is on their own property.

ARS 13-2904 : Disorderly Conduct with a Firearm

Under ARS 13-2904, intentionally disturbing the peace can be charged as a misdemeanor—but add a gun and it becomes a Class 6 felony. Examples include:

  • Recklessly brandishing a handgun during an argument.
  • Firing celebratory shots on New Year’s Eve or the 4th of July.

If designated a “dangerous offense,” the court must impose 1.5 – 3 years in prison for a first conviction—no probation.

Common Defenses to Firearm Charges

  • Lawful possession & carry (open, visible, or otherwise permitted under constitutional carry).
  • Lack of criminal intent—no knowledge of the weapon or no intent to conceal.
  • Prohibited-possessor mistake (e.g., rights were actually restored).
  • Fourth-Amendment violations—illegal stop, search, or seizure.
  • Invalid or defective warrant.
  • Forensic or ballistic errors.

Arrested in Prescott or Yavapai County? Act Fast.

Weapons allegations move quickly—often with restrictive release conditions and aggressive prosecution. Having local counsel at the first appearance can reduce bond, challenge “dangerousness” designations, or negotiate alternatives to prison.

Ted Law brings decades of criminal-defense experience to Prescott gun cases. We know the local judges, prosecutors, and Yavapai County juries—and we know how to protect your Second-Amendment rights.

Call (928) 776-1782 or contact us online for a free confidential consultation. We’re available 24/7 for emergency calls after an arrest.

Prescott Office

140 N Montezuma St
Prescott, AZ 86301
Phone: (928) 776-1782

Disclaimer: This page provides general information and is not legal advice. Every case is unique. Consult a qualified attorney regarding your specific situation.

 

January 28, 2025
Posted on Author By admin Categories Criminal Defense

Affirmative vs. Justification Defenses for Criminal Law in Prescott

When facing criminal charges in Arizona, most people know the prosecution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. However, Arizona law also allows defendants to raise specific defenses—affirmative or justification—that can significantly influence the outcome of a criminal case. Below is an overview of how these defenses differ, why they matter, and how partnering with an experienced Prescott criminal defense attorney can make all the difference.

A humorous yet respectful depiction of a lawyer in a courtroom. The lawyer is wearing a sharp suit but has a slightly quirky detail

1. Affirmative Defenses

Under A.R.S. § 13-205, an affirmative defense shifts the burden to the defendant. You must prove an affirmative defense by a preponderance of the evidence—a lower standard than the State’s requirement of “beyond a reasonable doubt,” but a burden on the defense nonetheless.

Examples of Affirmative Defenses

  1. Entrapment
    • Claiming law enforcement induced you to commit a crime you wouldn’t have committed otherwise.
  2. Inoperability of a Firearm
    • Relevant in Misconduct Involving Weapons charges, showing the weapon couldn’t function can negate certain elements of the offense.
  3. Lack of Sexual Interest
    • Used in specific sex-related cases to demonstrate the required intent wasn’t present.
  4. Using a Drug as Prescribed
    • Often invoked in DUI cases if you were following medical advice and the prescribed dosage.

Since you must establish these defenses, having skilled legal counsel to collect and present evidence is critical.

2. Justification Defenses

In contrast, justification defenses do not require you to prove anything. Under amendments to A.R.S. § 13-205 in 2006, once you introduce some evidence supporting a justification defense, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you were not justified.

Common Justification Defenses

  1. Self-Defense
    • Using force to protect yourself from immediate physical harm.
  2. Defense of Property
    • Reasonable actions to prevent unlawful interference with your possessions or home.
  3. Defense of a Third Party
    • Intervening to protect someone else from imminent danger.
  4. Use of Force in Crime Prevention
    • Taking necessary steps to prevent a serious criminal act.
  5. Duress
    • Arguing you committed an offense because another person threatened you with immediate harm or death.

With justification defenses, the burden falls back on the prosecution to disprove the defense once it’s raised.

3. Why These Defenses Matter

  • Reduced or Dismissed Charges: Properly presented defenses can weaken or eliminate the prosecution’s case.
  • Avoid Heavy Penalties: The difference between an acquittal and a felony conviction often hinges on your defense strategy.
  • Protect Your Future: Criminal convictions can affect employment, housing, and personal rights—making a robust defense critical.

4. Building a Strong Defense in Prescott

Whether you opt for an affirmative or justification defense depends on evidence, witness testimony, and case-specific details. A knowledgeable Prescott attorney will:

  1. Evaluate Your Situation
    • Examine police reports, witness statements, and any available surveillance footage.
  2. Identify Applicable Defenses
    • Determine which defense approach—affirmative or justification—offers the strongest position.
  3. Present a Convincing Argument
    • Craft and deliver a persuasive case before a judge or jury, making sure the State’s burden of proof remains in focus.

5. Contact Ted Agnick for Your Free Consultation

If you’re facing criminal charges in Prescott or the surrounding areas, don’t go it alone. Attorney Ted Agnick has the experience and insight to help you raise the right defenses effectively.

  • Location: 140 N Montezuma Street, Prescott, AZ 86301
  • Phone: (928) 776-1782
  • FREE CONSULTATION: Call today to discuss your case and learn how we can protect your rights.

Don’t let confusion over affirmative or justification defenses jeopardize your freedom. Contact us now to explore every legal avenue and build a defense tailored to your situation.

Disclaimer: This content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. For guidance specific to your circumstances, consult a qualified attorney.

January 9, 2025
Posted on Author By admin Categories Criminal Defense

Intoxication Defense

Facing Criminal Charges You Don’t Remember? Intoxication Defenses in Arizona

Blacking out from alcohol or drugs can be unsettling—especially if you later discover you’ve been accused of committing a crime you don’t even remember. In Arizona, the law recognizes two types of intoxication: involuntary and voluntary. The distinction can significantly affect your defense if you’re facing criminal charges. Below is an overview of both categories and how they might apply to your case.

A humorous and realistic depiction of a person drinking alcohol and doing something absurdly foolish

Involuntary Intoxication

Definition

  • Occurs when a person becomes intoxicated against their will or without their knowledge (e.g., if someone unknowingly spikes your drink).
  • Because you had no intent to consume drugs or alcohol, Arizona law allows a jury to consider this lack of intent when determining whether you had the required mental state to commit a crime.

Potential Impact on Your Defense

  • If you can prove the intoxication was involuntary (e.g., drugged without consent), it may negate the specific intent needed for certain charges.
  • Every situation is unique; you’ll need to gather evidence (such as witness statements or medical reports) to support your claim of involuntary intoxication.

Voluntary Intoxication

Definition

  • Occurs when someone knowingly consumes alcohol or drugs that can cause intoxication.
  • Under Arizona law, it generally doesn’t excuse criminal behavior, because individuals are assumed to understand the risks of impaired judgment once they start drinking or using drugs.

Exceptions to Voluntary Intoxication

  1. Medical Advice
    • If you take medication as prescribed by a healthcare professional, you may have a valid defense if the drug impairs you in unexpected ways.
  2. Duress
    • Extremely rare scenarios where you’re forced to consume intoxicants under threat of harm.
    • Duress is difficult to prove under Arizona law.

Limited Use as a Defense

  • Voluntary intoxication rarely negates guilt.
  • Prosecutors may still argue that by choosing to drink or use drugs, you bear responsibility for any subsequent actions.

Why You Need a Strong Defense

Lack of Memory Isn’t a Defense

  • Simply not remembering what happened does not excuse criminal liability. Prosecutors can still build a case based on witness statements, surveillance footage, and other evidence.

Prosecution May Argue Impairment

  • If you voluntarily consumed drugs or alcohol, prosecutors can claim you knowingly put yourself in a position where a crime could be committed—regardless of whether you recall the event.

Protect Your Rights: Call Ted Law in Phoenix, AZ

If you’re facing criminal charges tied to an incident you can’t fully recall, don’t leave your future to chance. You need an experienced legal team to help build your defense, gather the right evidence, and challenge the prosecution’s claims.

  • Free Consultation: Speak with Attorney Theodore Agnick at Ted Law about your situation.
  • Local Expertise: We understand Arizona’s intoxication laws and have a track record of defending clients across Phoenix and the surrounding areas.
  • Strategic Defense: We’ll examine whether involuntary intoxication applies or if other defenses are available to you.

Call (602) 453-3100 or contact us online today to discuss your case. We’re here 24/7 to help you navigate Arizona’s legal system and protect your rights.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Each case is unique; consult an attorney for advice specific to your circumstances.

October 13, 2024
Posted on Author By admin Categories Arizona Revised Statutes, Criminal Defense, General

Class 3 Felony Crimes in Arizona

Arizona law categorizes crimes into two main types: misdemeanors and felonies. Felonies are more serious offenses that carry heavier penalties, including longer prison sentences, higher fines, and lasting impacts on your life.

If you’re accused of a criminal offense in Arizona, it’s crucial to seek immediate legal assistance. Attorney Theodore Agnick at Ted Law specializes in defending clients against felony charges. Contact us 24/7 at (602) 453-3100 for a free consultation.

Understanding Class 3 Felonies in Arizona

A Class 3 felony is considered a mid-level felony in Arizona’s classification system, which includes six classes—Class 1 being the most severe and Class 6 the least. Understanding where Class 3 felonies stand can help you grasp the seriousness of the charges against you.

How Class 3 Felonies Fit into Arizona’s Felony System
Class 1 Felonies: Reserved for the most serious crimes, such as first and second-degree murder.

Class 2 Felonies: Include severe offenses like aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, possession of dangerous drugs with intent to sell, first-degree burglary involving a firearm, and sexual assault of a minor.

Class 4 Felonies: Encompass crimes like possession of narcotics, forgery, robbery, theft between $3,000 and $4,000, and certain types of aggravated assault.

Class 5 Felonies: Cover offenses such as stalking, credit card theft, criminal damage, credit card fraud over $1,000, and aggravated domestic violence.

Class 6 Felonies: The least severe felonies, often called “wobblers” because they can sometimes be reduced to misdemeanors.

Common Class 3 Felony Offenses in Arizona

Arizona recognizes over 40 specific Class 3 felony crimes, including:

Discharging a Firearm at a Non-Residential Structure
Sexual Abuse (especially if the victim is under 15 years old)
Dangerous Crimes Against Children
Second-Degree Burglary
Certain Types of Aggravated Assault
Transportation and Sale of Dangerous or Narcotic Drugs
Theft of Means of Transportation
Aggravated Robbery
Specific Types of Stalking
Threatening or Intimidating Under Certain Conditions
Serious Drug Offenses Involving Dangerous or Narcotic Drugs
Hit-and-Run Accidents Involving Death or Personal Injury
For a comprehensive list of Class 3 felony crimes in Arizona, click here.

Dangerous vs. Non-Dangerous Class 3 Felonies

Class 3 felonies are further classified into:

Dangerous Offenses
Involve the use or threat of a deadly weapon.
Include causing serious physical injury.
Not eligible for probation, even for first-time offenders.
Examples: Aggravated robbery, aggravated assault, kidnapping, discharging a firearm at a non-residential building, attempting to commit a Class 2 felony.

Non-Dangerous Offenses
Do not involve deadly weapons or serious physical injury.
May be eligible for probation or reduced sentencing.
Statute of Limitations for Class 3 Felonies
The statute of limitations for Class 3 felonies in Arizona is seven years from the date of the alleged offense. Note that this period pauses if the defendant is not physically present in the state.

Penalties for Class 3 Felony Convictions

Sentencing for a Class 3 felony varies based on several factors, including prior convictions and whether the offense is classified as dangerous.

Sentencing Ranges for First-Time, Non-Dangerous Offenders
Mitigated Sentence: 2 years
Minimum Sentence: 2.5 years
Presumptive Sentence: 3.5 years
Maximum Sentence: 7 years
Aggravated Sentence: 8.75 years
Sentencing for Offenders with Prior Felony Convictions
One Prior Felony:
Range: 3.25 to 16.25 years
Two or More Prior Felonies:
Range: 7.5 to 25 years
Mitigating and Aggravating Factors

When determining a sentence, the court considers:

Mitigating Factors
Defendant’s Age: Younger offenders may receive leniency.
Minor Role in the Offense: If the defendant played a lesser part.
Duress or Coercion: Acting under pressure or threats.
Good Character: Demonstrated through community involvement or lack of prior criminal history.
Aggravating Factors
Use of a Deadly Weapon: Enhances the severity of the crime.
Premeditation: Planning the crime in advance.
Accomplice Involvement: Committing the crime with others.
Serious Physical Injury to the Victim: Increases penalties significantly.
At least two mitigating or aggravating factors must be present to influence the sentencing range.

Why You Need Experienced Legal Representation

A Class 3 felony conviction can have life-altering consequences, including:

Lengthy Prison Sentences
Substantial Fines
Permanent Criminal Record
Loss of Civil Rights: Such as the right to vote or possess firearms.
Employment Challenges
Impact on Personal Relationships and Reputation

How We Can Help

Theodore Agnick at Ted Law is highly skilled in defending clients facing serious felony charges. We will:

Thoroughly Investigate Your Case: Examine all evidence to build a strong defense.
Protect Your Rights: Ensure your constitutional rights are upheld throughout the legal process.
Develop a Strategic Defense: Tailor our approach based on the specifics of your case.
Advocate Aggressively: Fight for the best possible outcome, whether through negotiation or trial.
Contact Ted Law for a Free Consultation
If you’re facing Class 3 felony charges in Arizona, time is of the essence. Early intervention can make a significant difference in the outcome of your case.

Call us 24/7 at (602) 453-3100 for a free, confidential consultation. Let Attorney Theodore Agnick at Ted Law provide the skilled defense you need to protect your rights and future.

Frequently Asked Questions

What distinguishes a dangerous offense from a non-dangerous one?

A dangerous offense involves the use or threat of a deadly weapon, causing serious injury, or discharging a firearm. These offenses carry harsher penalties and are not eligible for probation.
Is it possible to reduce a Class 3 felony to a lesser charge?

While challenging, it may be possible to negotiate reduced charges or sentencing with the help of an experienced attorney, depending on the specifics of your case.

How does prior criminal history affect sentencing?

Previous felony convictions can significantly increase sentencing ranges, leading to longer prison terms.

Protect Your Future with Ted Law
Facing felony charges is overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate this challenging time alone. Attorney Theodore Agnick is dedicated to providing aggressive and effective legal representation.

Contact us today at (602) 453-3100 to discuss your case and learn how we can help you navigate the complexities of Arizona’s legal system.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Each case is unique, and you should consult with a qualified attorney to discuss your specific situation.

July 21, 2024
Posted on Author By admin Categories Arizona Revised Statutes, Assault & Violent Crimes, Criminal Defense, Defense Strategies, Firearms Crimes

WHAT DEFINES SELF-DEFENSE IN ARIZONA?

What is considered self-defense in Arizona? Am I permitted to protect myself if I am under the belief that someone is going to harm me?

Yes, you can as long as your actions are reasonable. Below, learn more about the self-defense laws in the state of Arizona. For additional questions, it is always best to consult with a qualified criminal defense attorney in Prescott.

Arizona Self-Defense Laws

The specific statutes for self-defense in Arizona are listed under Arizona Revised Statutes § 13-404 and § 13-405. Under the Arizona Revised Statutes § 13-404, physical force or the threat of physical force, but not deadly physical force, may be used in defense. A person is justified in using or threatening to use physical force against another when and to the extent that a reasonable person would believe that physical force is immediately necessary to protect oneself against the other’s use or attempted use of unlawful physical force.

However, the following exceptions apply:

  • You must not use or threaten physical force just because someone has used offensive words to you. You cannot rely on threats of harm alone to justify the use of force.
  • You cannot use, or threaten to use, physical force to resist an arrest by someone you know, or should reasonably know, is a peace officer, whether the arrest is legal or not. The exception to this rule is when the officer uses excessive force beyond that which he or she is permitted to use by law.
  • You cannot use or threaten physical force if you provoked the other person’s use or attempted use of unlawful physical force. However, you can do so if you withdrew from the situation and clearly communicated your intent to do so, and the other person continued or attempted to use unlawful physical force against you.

The real question will be whether a reasonable person would have believed that physical force or the threat of force was necessary to protect oneself from another person’s unlawful use of force.

Self-defense by means of deadly physical force is addressed in Arizona Revised Statutes § 13-405. Section 13-404 justifies you in using force, and you may use deadly physical force when “and to the degree that a reasonable person would believe that deadly physical force is immediately necessary to protect oneself against the other’s use or attempted use of unlawful deadly physical force.” That would, of course, include drawing a gun or using other deadly force, but only if you reasonably believe the other person is using or attempting to use deadly physical force against you and immediate action is necessary.

Again, this will boil down to whether your acts were reasonable. This is a very fact-intensive question that you should not try to answer on your own without consulting a qualified lawyer familiar with Arizona self-defense law. The criminal defense lawyers at TedLaw in Prescott are aware of and have represented a variety of self-defense cases, including those where individuals face criminal charges for defending themselves. Contact them to schedule an appointment to discuss the best approach to dealing with your self-defense issue.

January 23, 2024
Posted on Author By admin Categories Arizona Revised Statutes, Criminal Defense, Firearms Crimes

What Guns Can I Possess in Arizona?

Prescott Gun Rights Lawyer

 

Weapons and Firearms Attorney in Prescott, AZ

Arizona boasts permissive laws concerning firearms and weapons compared to many other states. Despite this permissiveness, the repercussions for violating Arizona’s gun laws can be severe. At TED Law in Prescott, our dedicated team is focused on safeguarding the Second Amendment rights of our clients and assisting those confronting criminal charges related to firearms. We emphasize the importance for Arizona residents to comprehend their rights under the law to avoid potential legal issues.

Legal Firearms

In accordance with Arizona law, residents enjoy the freedom to own and possess a diverse range of firearms. Section § 13-3101 of the Arizona Criminal Code defines a firearm as any “handgun, pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, or other weapon” utilizing an explosive to expel a projectile. Notably, BB guns, pellet guns, and other air-powered guns fall outside this definition. The legal characterization of a firearm also excludes guns that are permanently inoperable.

Arizona does not mandate obtaining a license or registration for purchasing or owning a gun. Individuals aged 18 or older can buy a legal firearm from a private individual, while purchasing from a federally-licensed dealer requires individuals to be at least 21 years old. Additionally, individuals must be legally permitted to possess a firearm. Legal firearms in Arizona encompass:

  • Semi-automatic firearms: Guns capable of rapid succession firing with each round requiring a separate trigger pull.
  • “Assault” weapons: Rifles or shotguns featuring specific aesthetic and functional features like a detachable magazine, folding stock, or pistol grip. Semi-automatic assault weapons are permissible in Arizona.

Illegal Firearms

Arizona gun laws designate very few firearms as illegal. Prohibitions include:

  • Automatic weapons (machine guns): Firearms firing more than one round with a single action of the trigger.
  • Short-barreled rifles: Rifles with barrels less than 16 inches long.
  • Short-barreled shotguns: Shotguns with barrels less than 18 inches long.
  • Sawed-off weapons: Rifles or shotguns modified to an overall length of less than 26 inches.

Prohibitions also extend to silencers or devices designed to muffle firearm reports, as well as the purchase, sale, or possession of explosive devices like bombs, rockets, grenades, or mines.

The Sale and Transfer of Guns

Private individuals in Arizona retain the right to sell or transfer firearms without background checks or state registration requirements. However, selling or transferring firearms to a prohibited possessor may result in weapons misconduct charges.

Arizona law prohibits local municipalities, including city and county governments, from enacting regulations, ordinances, or taxes related to firearms or ammunition possession, sale, transfer, licensing, or registration.

Protecting Your Rights in Prescott

For comprehensive information on permissible gun types under Arizona law, reach out to our office. Call 602-453-3100 for a confidential consultation at TED Law, offering a broad spectrum of legal services to address questions about gun rights and assist those facing criminal charges related to weapons violations. Our firm serves clients in Prescott, Yavapai County, and surrounding areas.

January 18, 2024
Posted on Author By admin Categories Criminal Defense, Defense Strategies, DUI, Vehicular Crimes

Navigating Special Ignition Interlock Restricted Driver Licenses (SIIRDL) in Arizona

Understanding SIIRDL:

Step 1: Know Your Eligibility:

Before diving into the SIIRDL process, ensure you meet the eligibility criteria. Generally, it applies to individuals facing license suspension due to DUI offenses, including alcohol or drug-related violations.

Step 2: Application Process:

  1. Submit an Application: Start by submitting an application for a SIIRDL. This involves completing the necessary forms and providing required documentation.
  2. Pay Application Fee: Be prepared to pay an application fee, as outlined by the Arizona Department of Transportation. This fee contributes to the processing of your SIIRDL application.

Step 3: Ignition Interlock Device Installation:

Upon approval, you’ll need to install a certified Ignition Interlock Device (IID) in your vehicle. This device is designed to prevent the vehicle from starting if alcohol is detected on your breath.

Step 4: Compliance with IID Requirements:

To maintain your SIIRDL, it’s crucial to comply with the IID requirements. This includes regular maintenance checks and data reporting.

Step 5: SIIRDL Issuance:

Once you’ve met all the necessary conditions, the Arizona Department of Transportation will issue your SIIRDL. This license allows you to drive with certain restrictions during your suspension period.

Additional Tips and Information:

Understanding Restrictions:

  • While operating a vehicle with a SIIRDL, it’s important to adhere to the specified restrictions.
  • Violating these restrictions can lead to further consequences, so it’s crucial to understand and follow them diligently.

Record Keeping:

  • The Arizona Department of Transportation maintains records of the suspension or revocation, even if a SIIRDL is issued.
  • This information is crucial for future reference and may impact subsequent driving privileges.

Seeking Professional Guidance:

  • Navigating the SIIRDL process can be complex. Seeking guidance from legal professionals with expertise in DUI cases can provide valuable insights and assistance.

How Our Law Firm Can Help:

  1. Case Evaluation:
    • We provide a thorough evaluation of your case to determine eligibility for a SIIRDL.
  2. Guidance Through the Process:
    • Our experienced legal team guides you through each step of the SIIRDL process, ensuring you understand your rights and obligations.
  3. Documentation Assistance:
    • We assist in preparing and submitting all necessary documentation for a seamless application process.
  4. Appeals and Hearings:
    • If needed, we can represent you in appeals or hearings to address any issues related to the SIIRDL application.
  5. Legal Advocacy:
    • Our law firm serves as your advocate, working towards the best possible outcome for your situation.

Conclusion:

The SIIRDL process is designed to offer individuals a chance to regain limited driving privileges while ensuring road safety. By understanding the steps involved and meeting all requirements, you can successfully navigate this process. Remember, compliance with IID regulations and adherence to restrictions are key to a smooth experience.

Whether you’re currently facing DUI-related issues or looking to stay informed about Arizona’s driving regulations, this guide serves as a valuable resource. Drive responsibly, stay informed, and make informed decisions to regain control of your driving privileges.

Conclusion: Obtaining a Special Ignition Interlock Restricted Driver License can be a lifeline for those facing license suspension due to DUI-related offenses. Our law firm is here to simplify the process, offering guidance, support, and legal expertise to help you navigate through this challenging situation. Don’t let a DUI charge define your future; let us help you take control and move forward.

December 5, 2023
Posted on Author By admin Categories Criminal Defense, Vehicular Crimes

EDRS – Event Data Recorders and Your Rights

Event Data Recorders (EDRs) in cars have raised complex legal questions regarding individual rights and privacy. While these devices serve to capture crucial data during accidents, they also become a potential source of information accessed by law enforcement agencies. Understanding the legal framework surrounding EDRs is vital in protecting individual rights.

The data recorded by your own vehicle can be used to prosecute you in court and put you away. Police do not always need a warrant to access them. In all cases, it is paramount to reach out to a qualified attorney who knows where the line is drawn. The purpose of this article is to give you all the facts, so you can make better informed decisions in the future.

Constitutional Law and Fourth Amendment Protections

The Fourth Amendment protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. However, the Supreme Court has carved exceptions for vehicles, allowing law enforcement to search without a warrant based on probable cause. This precedent has been leveraged to justify accessing data directly from vehicles without a warrant, challenging the Fourth Amendment’s protection.

Moreover, the ‘third-party doctrine’ enables law enforcement to collect information shared with third parties without a warrant. As cars transmit data to manufacturers or service providers, it raises concerns about the erosion of Fourth Amendment protections.

Recent Precedents and Growing Protections

Encouragingly, recent Supreme Court rulings, like Riley v. California and Carpenter v. U.S., extended Fourth Amendment protections to digital data on cell phones and location information. However, these precedents are yet to be applied directly to car data, creating a discrepancy in legal standards that demands immediate attention.

Certain courts and states have shown progress in affording constitutional protections to automobile data. For instance, some state courts have ruled in favor of considering EDRs analogous to other electronic devices protected by the Fourth Amendment, signaling a growing trend toward protecting car data.

Additional Legal Frameworks

Beyond constitutional law, statutes like the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) offer limited protection to third-party-held data, but their application to car manufacturers remains ambiguous. Moreover, while some states have enacted laws supplementing ECPA, their effectiveness in safeguarding car data varies.

Legislative acts such as the Driver Privacy Act (DPA) and state-specific safeguards have aimed to regulate access to black box information in vehicles, imposing certain restrictions on law enforcement. However, these measures don’t universally mandate a warrant for accessing such data, leaving gaps in protection.

Potential Safeguards and Future Directions

Efforts like the Safeguards Rule under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and state insurance laws present opportunities to limit data availability. These regulations could push entities like insurers and financial institutions to delete or limit the retention of sensitive car data, bolstering privacy safeguards.

Navigating the complex legal landscape of EDRs demands a comprehensive approach, combining constitutional protections, recent precedents, legislative acts, and state-specific regulations. Ensuring a balance between law enforcement needs and individual privacy rights remains an ongoing challenge that necessitates continual legal evaluation and action.

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